Internet Ancient History Sourcebook
Greece
See Main Page for a guide to
all contents of all sections.
Contents
General
-
WEB Internet Classics Archive [At MIT] [InternetArchive backup here]
Longstanding web resource with the texts of 441 works of classical literature from 59 authors.
-
WEB The Perseus Project [At Tufts]
A major resource. 2,412 works in 3,192 editions and translations, plus ample study aids.
-
WEB Anthology of Attic Prose [in Greek]
- WEB L'antiquité grecque et latine du moyen âge [Internet Archive backup here]
Editions and translations of Latin, Greek, Arab, Persian, Armenian, Syriac and Nordic texts into French.
- WEB HODOI ELEKTRONIKAI: Du texte à l'hypertexte
Belgian site with many Greek texts with side by side translation into French, plus lexical analysis and aids.
- WEB Theoi Classical Texts Library [Internet Archive backup here]
A collection of translations of works of ancient Greek and Roman literature. The theme of the library is classical mythology and so the selection consists primarily of ancient poetry, drama and prose accounts of myth. Also has an impressive gallery of illustrations of these these themes.
- WEB Thesaurus Linguae Graecae
Founded in 1972 the TLG has collected and digitized most literary texts written in Greek from Homer to the fall of Byzantium in AD 1453. Its goal is to create a comprehensive digital library of Greek literature from antiquity to the present era.
- WEB Demonax Hellenic Library [Internet Archive backup here]
Many full texts, organised by period, in a very clean style of presentation.
- WEB Rassegna degli
Strumenti Informatici per lo Studio dell'Antichità Classica (Review of Computer Tools for the Study of Classical Antiquity)
In Italian, but with many useful links.
- WEB Electronic Resources for Classicists [By Maria Pantelia, University of California, Irvine]
- WEB Livius: Greece
Articles, primary sources. images
-
WEB Greek History Course [At Internet Archive, from Reed]
The full course, online, from Pre-history to Alexander.
- WEB Authors of Classical Greece: Manuscripts [British Library]
- WEB Vici.org: Archaeological Atlas of Antiquity
Interactive (google maps style) coverage of sites across the ancient world.
- WEB Associations in the Greco-Roman World [Internet Archive backup here]
An expanding collection of Inscriptions, Papyru, and Other Sources in Translation.
- 2ND Thomas Martin: Overview of Archaic and Classical Greece [At Perseus]
- 2ND 11th Britannica: History of Ancient Greece [At this Site]
- 2ND Clay Jones: The Bibliographical Test Updated (The Survival of Ancient Greek and Roman Sources) [Ar CRI] [Internet Archive version here]
Christian apologists have long stressed the very large number of manuscripts of the New Testament compared to other ancient works. Leaving that aside, the survival of ancient sources, through a process of copying,
has been varied. Some texts are well-attested, amny survived in alarmingly small numbers of copies, and many that we know were written (from ancient discussions) have simply not survive. This article gives the most recent estimates for ancient survivals. Homer, for example, survives in at least 1,757 manuscripts, but other authors far fewer.
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Greece: Major
Historians: Complete Texts
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
- Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE)
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
- Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE)
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Crete
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Mycenae
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Archaic Greece
-
2ND John Porter: The Archaic Age and the Rise of the Polis [Was At Saskatchewan, now Internet Archive]
- Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
- WEB The Chicago Homer [Northwestern University]
A multilingual database that uses the search and display capabilities of electronic texts to make the distinctive features of Early Greek epic accessible to readers with and without Greek. Except for fragments, it contains all the texts of these poems in the original Greek. In addition, the Chicago Homer includes English and German translations, in particular Lattimore's Iliad, James Huddleston's Odyssey, Daryl Hine's translations of Hesiod and the Homeric Hymns, and the German translations of the Iliad and Odyssey by Johan Heinrich Voss.
-
The Iliad trans. into prose by Samuel Butler [At this Site, formerly
ERIS][Full Text]
- The Iliad trans. into prose Samuel
Bulter [At MIT][Full Text]
- The Iliad trans. Alexander Pope [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. Andrew Lang [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. William Cowper [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad trans. Edward, Earl of Derby [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliads trans. George Chapman [Project Gutenberg]
[This is the version that inspired John Keats: On First Looking into Chapman's Homer. Keats found the the standard translation by Alexander Pope uninspiring.]
- The Iliad trans. Theodore Buckley [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad in Ancient Greek [Project Gutenberg]
- The Iliad, trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Iliad, abridged trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Iliad trans. Robert Fagles [Internet Archive borrow facility][Recommended]
- See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- Thersites
- Achilles and Hector
-
The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butler [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full
Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butcher and A. Lang [At this Site]
-
The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butcher and A. Lang [At Bartleby][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans.
Samuel Butler [At MIT][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butcher and A. Lang [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butler [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. William Cowper [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey trans. Alexander Pope [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey in Latin [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey A in Ancient Greek [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- The Odyssey, trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Odyssey, abridged trans. Ian Johnston [Internet Archive version here]
- The Odyssey trans. Robert Fagles [Internet Archive borrow facility][This Recommended or recent translation by Emily Wilson]
- Homeric Fragments [At OMACL]
- Homeric Hymns [At
OMACL]
- Hesiod (c.700 BCE)
- Later Historians
- Greek Colonization
- The Dipylon Inscription 740BCE [Biblitheca Augustana]. See also Wikipedia: The Dipylon Inscription
The oldest (or one of the oldest) examples of use the Greek Alphabet as adapted from the Phoenician alphabet.
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The Persian Wars (499-479 BCE)
- Aeschylus (525-456 BCE): The Persians 472 BCE [annotated HTML] [At Calgary] [Internet Archive version here]
-
Aeschylus (525-456 BCE): The Persians 472
BCE [Waa At Saskatchewan, now Internet Archive]
Aeschylus plays are the earliest accounts we have of the Persian wars.
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The
Histories 440BCE [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files][ Book VII on the Persian
War]
-
Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Selections on the Persian Wars trans. Lewis Stiles [Was At Saskatchewan, now Internet Archive]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Carthaginian Attack on
Sicily, 480 BCE [At this Site]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Xerxes Invades Greece from The Histories. [At this Site]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Xerxes at the Hellespont [Was At WSU, now Internet Archive]
-
Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Battle of Marathon from The Histories [Was At Then Again, now[Internet Archive]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Battle of Thermopylae 480BCE from The Histories [Was At Then Again, now[Internet Archive]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Artemisia at Salamis, 480
BCE [At this Site]
Artemesia was ruler of Halicarnassus, and took part in the Persian attack on Athens.
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Croesus and Solon from The Histories. [At this Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life
of Themistocles (c.528-c.462 BCE) [At MIT]
- 2ND 11th Britannica: Themistocles [At this Site]
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The Rise of the Polis
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The Age of Tyranny
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Athenian Democracy
- Reports of The Origins of Athens, c. 430 BCE - 110 CE
[At this Site]
from Herodotus, Thucydides, Plutarch, and Aristotle.
- Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE): Description of Greece: Book I:
Attica (Athens and Megara) [At this Site]
-
Solon (c.640-after 561 BCE): Selected Fragments,
[Was At Saskatchewan, now Internet Archive]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of
Solon (c.640-after 561 BCE) [At MIT]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Persians Reject
Democracy/Darius' State [At this Site]
For the Greeks, the Persian's were the major "other" against whom they measured
their own institutions.
- Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): On Aristogeiton and Harmodius,
(Book 6) [At PWH]
-
Cleisthenes (c.525-after 507 BCE): Reform Texts [Was At Reed, now Internet Archive]
- Texts on Ostracism at Athens [At CSUN] [Internet Archive version here]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life
of Pericles (c.495-429 BCE) [At MIT]
- 2ND 11th Britannica: Pericles [At this Site]
- Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Pericles'
Funeral Oration (Book 2.34-46) [At this Site]
-
Bust of Pericles (c.495-429 BCE)[At Internet Archive, from WCSLC]
-
Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): The Mitylenian Debate (Book 3.36-50) [At this Site]
-
Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): The Melian Dialogue (Book 5.84-116) [At this Site]
- Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Pericles'
Last Speech (Book 2:59-64) [At CSUN] [Internet Archive version here]
- 2ND 11th Britannica: Delian League [At this Site]
- The Polity of the Athenians, c. 424 BCE [At this Site]
Sometimes known as the "Old Oligarch".
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The
Athenian Constitution [At MIT]
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Athenian Constitution trans. Frederic G. Kenyon [At this Site]
-
Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Politics, the beginnings of political society, [Was At Then Again, now Internet Archive]
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Politics, on
the origin of the polis [At this Site]
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Politics, excerpts
from Books I, III, VII and VIII [At this Site]
-
2ND Thomas Martin: Democracy in the Politics of
Aristotle [At STOA] [Internet Archive version here]
Discussion, with texts, of Aristotle's views on democracy.
-
WEB The Ancient City of Athens [Was At
STOA, now Internet Archive]
A photographic archive of the archaeological and architectural remains of ancient Athens.
-
WEB The Acropolis [At Internet Archive, from vacation.net.gr]
Includes a model reconstruction.
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Sparta
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The Peloponnesian War (431-404
BCE) and After
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The Fourth
Century: Competing Hegemonies
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Battle of Leuctra, (371
BCE) from the Hellenica [At this Site]
Account of the defeat of Sparta by Theban forces and the ending of the Spartan supremacy..
- Cornelius Nepos (c.99-c.24 BCE): From Life of Epaminondas (d.362 BCE)(written c. 30 BCE) [This Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life
of Pelopidas (c.410- 362 BCE)[At MIT]
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): Anabasis, or March
Up Country or Persia Expedition, full text [At this Site]
The story of a Greek army of mercenaries and their march into the Persian Empire.
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Philip II of Macedon (r. 339-336 BCE)
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Religion and Myth
- WEB Theoi Classical Texts Library [Internet Archive backup here]
A collection of translations of works of ancient Greek and Roman literature. The theme of the library is classical mythology and so the selection consists primarily of ancient poetry, drama and prose accounts of myth. Also has an impressive gallery of illustrations of these these themes.
- The Olympian Religion
- Accounts of Hellenic Religious Beliefs, c. 800 BCE - 110 CE
[At this Site]
From Homer, Lysias, Apollonius of Rhodes, and Plutarch.
- Accounts of Personal Religion, c. 430 BCE - 300 CE [At
this Site]
Festivals, temples and expectations.
- Hesiod (c.700 BCE): Theogony [Full Text][At OMACL]
- Hesiod: The Theogony, Other works; plus the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica [Project Gutenberg][Full Text]
- Hesiod: Theogony, excerpts [At this Site]
- Hesiod (c.700 BCE): Cosmogony and Theogony [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Homeric Sacrifice for the Dead Odyssey XI:18-50 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Sacrifice to Rhea: the Phrygian Mother-Goddess Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica I:1078-1150 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Oracle of Trophinos at Lebadeia Pausanias, Description of Greece ix:39 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- The Homeric Hymn to Dionysus [At Perseus]
- To Pythian Apollo Homeric Hymn III:179 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Callimachus (c.305-c.240 BCE): Hymn III: To Artemis [Was At
Montclair, now Internet Archive]
- The Second Delphic Hymn 138 BCE [Was At WSU, now Internet Archive]
- To Earth, Mother of All Homeric Hymn xxx [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Apollodorus: Heracles: Labors, Death, Apotheosis [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- 2ND Summary of Apollodorus' Library [At Perseus]
A handbook of Greek mythology.
- 2ND Guide to Greek Gods [At CSUN] [Internet Archive backup here]
- Wikipedia: Twelve Olympians
- Wikipedia: Family Tree of Greek Gods
- 2ND Renate Schlesier: Olympian versus Chthonian Religion (1992) PDF [Internet Archive version here]
- Chthonic and Mystery Cults
- Hymn to Demeter 7th Cent BCE [At
this Site]
The canonical text of the Mysteries.
- Hymn to Demeter Homeric Hymns: To Demeter,11, 185-299, 7th Cent BCE [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- The Eleusinian Mysteries: Various Texts [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Plato (427-347 BCE): On Initiation Phaedo 69 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Dionysius and the Bacchae Euripides, The Bacchae, 677-775 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Zalmoxis: The God of the Gates Histories IV, 93-6 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
A Thracian mystery God.
-
Orphic Hymn to Hekate 5th
Cent BCE [At Hermetic Fellowship] [Internet Archive version here]
- Initiates in the Orphic-Pythagoran Brotherhood Taught the Road to the Lower World The Funerary
Gold Plates, Plate from Petelia, South Italy, 4th-3rd century BCE [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- St Clement of Alexandria: The Phallic Cult of Dionysus [At
this Site]
- Official Religion
- Greek Conceptions of Death and Immortality
- Homer: Even in the house of Hades there is left something. . .' Iliad XXIII, 61-81,
99-108 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Homer: The mead of asphodel, where the spirits dwell. . .' Odyssey XXIV, 1-18 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Empedocles (c.493-c.433 BCE): On the Transmigration of the Soul, fragments 115, 117, 118 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Plato (427-347 BCE): On Transmigration: Myth of Er, Republic X, 614 b [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Plato (427-347 BCE): On the Immortality of the Soul, Meno 81, b [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
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Philosophy
- WEB Internet Enclopedia of Philosophy
Mulltiple articles and texts, all at the highest standard.
- WEB History of Ancient Philosophy [At U Washington] [Internet Archive version here]
Includes lecture
notes. Really useful.
- WEB Ancient Greek Philosophy [At Rice] [Internet Archive version here]
Complete online courses with lecture notes on the major figures and issue.
- (Pseudo)-Plutarch: Des Opinions des philosophes [At this Site]
Full text of a French translation. This seems to have been the first collection of placita in terms of philosopher's opinions organized into themes.
- See Hellenistic Section for texts of Epicurean, Stoic,
Cynic, and Sceptic philosphers
- PreSocratics
- Pythagoreanism
- Eleatic School
- 2ND Parmenides, Empedocles [IEP Articles]
-
Parmenides (c.515-after 450 BCE) [At Hanover] [Internet Archive version here]
-
Parmenides (c.515-after 450 BCE): Fragments [At this Site]
-
Parmenides of Elea (c.515-after 450 BCE): On Nature (Peri Physis) [Was at Elea, now Internet Archive]
- Parmenides of Elea (c.515-after 450 BCE): On Nature In Greek, with facing English translatin PDF[Internet Archive]
- Zeno of Elea (c.490-after
445 BCE) [At Hanover]
The puzzles still work!
- Zeno of Elea (c.490-after 445 BCE): Paradoxes [At this
Site]
-
Melissos (5th Cent
BCE)[At Hanover]
-
Empedocles (c.493-c.433 BCE): Fragments [At this
Site]
A pluralistic answer to Parmenides.
- Empedocles (c.493-c.433 BCE): Going Among Men as an Immmortal fragments 112, 146, 147 [Was At Eliade, now Internet Archive]
- Sophists
- Xenophanes (c.570-c.470 BCE)
- Xenophanes (c.570-c.470 BCE) [At Hanover] [Internet Archive version here]
- Heraklitos (c.540-c.480 BCE)
- 2ND Heraklitos [IEP Article]
-
2ND Heraklitos [Was At Evansville, now Internet Archive]
-
Heraklitos (c.540-c.480 BCE): Fragments [At this Site]
- Heraklitos (c.540-c.480 BCE): Fragments, In Greek from the Diels edition with facing translation by John Burnet, PDF format. [Internet Archive version here]
- Atomists
- Socrates (469-399 BCE)
-
Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE): The Clouds, extracts [Was At Then Again, now Internet Archive]
Pokes fun at Socrates.
- Plato (427-347 BCE): The Apology full text [At this Site]
See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- WEB Last Days of Socrates [Was at Clarke, now Internet Archive]
Texts from Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo.
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): On
Socrates [At CSUN] [Internet Archive version here]
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Symposium [Full
Text][This Site]
- Plato (427-347 BCE)
- 2ND Plato, Academy [IEP Articles]
-
2ND Plato and Platonism [Catholic Encyclopedia]
-
2ND Plato for the Young Enquirer [Was At History for Kids, now Internet Archvie]
Has a useful visual of the Cave.
- Full Texts
- WEB Classics Archive: Plato [MIT]
- The Apology [At this Site] Full Text] - Socrates' life
- The Meno [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text] - theory of learning by anamnesis/recollection
- The Gorgias [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text]
- The Symposium [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text] -theory of love
- The Crito [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text]
- The Phaedo [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text] - theoy of forms/ideas
- The Phaedrus [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text]
- The Timeaus [At
MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files]
- The Republic [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text] - theory of forms/ideas, the ideal state
-
The Republic [At
MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files]
See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- (ps.-?) Plato: Seventh Letter: To the Relatives and Friends of Dion, [Was At UPenn, now Internet Archive]
- Excerpts for teaching
- The Republic, excerpts [At this Site]
On the Philosopher-king
-
The Cave [At
Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- On Atlantis from The Timaeus [At this Site]
-
The Timeaus [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
Origin of the Atlantis myth.
- Aaelius Aristides (117-187 CE): Defense of Oratory [At Livius] [Internet Archive version here]
A response to the Gorgias.
-
WEB Exploring Plato's Dialogues [Was At Evansville, now Internet Archive]
A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web. Still works in the archived form.
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
- 2ND Aristotle [IEP Article]
- Full Texts
- Excerpts for Teaching
- Nichomachean Ethics, excerpts, [At this Site]
- The Politics, excerpts from Books I, III, VII and
VIII, [At this Site]
- The Nicomachean Ethics, excerpts from Book 1, [At
this Site]
- The Doctrine of the Mean, Nichomachean Ethics II:6-7 [Was ay WSU, now Internet Archive]
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Literature
- WEB Theoi Classical Texts Library [Internet Archive backup here]
A collection of translations of works of ancient Greek and Roman literature. The theme of the library is classical mythology and so the selection consists primarily of ancient poetry, drama and prose accounts of myth. Also has an impressive gallery of illustrations of these these themes.
- For Homer and Hesiod see above under Archaic Greece subsection
- Selections from Greek Lyric Poets [Was At Saskatachewan, now Internet Archive]
Archilochus (1st half 7th Cent BCE), Alcaeus (Late 7th/early 6th Cent BCE), Mimnermus
(Late 7th/Early 6th Cent BCE), Ibycus (2nd half 6th Cent BCE), Anacreon (2nd half 6th Cent
BCE), and Xenophanes (c.570-c.478BCE)
-
Archilochus (1st half 7th Cent BCE): Selection [Was At Saskatachewan, now Internet Archive]
-
Sappho (c.580 BCE): Poems [Was At Sappho.com, now Internet Archive]
- Sappho (c.580 BCE): Poems [At UH] [Internet Archive version here]
- Sappho (c.580 BCE): Poems [At Poetry Foundation]
-
Theognis (6th Cent. BCE): Selections [Was At Saskatachewan, now Internet Archive]
- Aesop (d. 564 BCE): Fables [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Aesop (6th Century BCE): Fables [At this Site]
- Aesop (6th Century BCE): Fables illustrated by Arthur Rackham [Project Gutenberg]
- WEB Aesop (6th Century BCE): Fables
- Pindar (518-438 BCE): Extant Odes [Project Gutenberg]
- Pindar (518-438 BCE): Extant Odes [Poetry Archive]
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Literature: Theatre
All the major Greek plays are online, as well as substantial amount of criticism and
theorizing.
- Theatre Practice
- Drama Theory
- Documents on The Hellenic Drama, c. 560 - 330 BCE [At
this Site]
The historical origins, from Plutarch, Demosthenes, and Aristotle.
- Plato (427-347 BCE): Ion [At MIT]
- Plato (427-347 BCE): The Republic [At MIT]
Books II and III contain Plato's attack on poetry and call for censorship.
- 2ND Literary Criticism of Plato [At Literariness] [Internet Archive version here]
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Poetics, excerpts,
[At this Site]
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): Poetics [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text]
-
Aristotle (384-323 BCE): Poetics [At
Mit][Full Text][Chapter length files]
See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- Aeschylus (525-456 BCE)
The earliest of the three great Greek tragic dramatists (the others are Sophocles
and Euripides). He introduced the second actor into the play. He is thought to have
written 80-90 plays, of which 7 survive.
-
Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
The second of the great tragic poets. He wrote over 100 plays, but only seven complete
ones survive. The dates here are likely but not certain.
- Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
A younger contemporary of Sophocles, and third of the great tragic playwrights. He
introduced deus ex machina as a plot device. Of the 92 plays ascribed to him, 19
survive
- WEB MIT Classics Archive: Euripides
- 2ND 11th Britannica: Euripides [At this Site]
- Alcestis translated by C. A. E. Luschnig
[At Diotima]
- Andromache
- Bacchae [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- The Bacchae [At this Site, formerly ERIS] won
trilogy competition, posthumously, in c.405 BCE
See 2ND Study
Guide [At Brooklyn College]
- The Cyclops
- Electra [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Hecuba
- Helen, a modern actable
translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages] [Internet Archive version here]
- Herakles (Hercules Furens) [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Herakleidae (Children of Herakles) [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Hippolytus [At this Site, formerly ERIS] won
trilogy competition in 428 BCE.
- Hippolytus [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Ion translated by C. A. E. Luschnig
[At Diotima]
- Iphigenia at Aulis won trilogy competition, posthumously, in c.405 BCE
- Iphigenia In Tauris
- Medea, translated by C. A. E. Luschnig
[At Diotima] [Internet Archive version here]
- Medea [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- Orestes [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Orestes a modern
actable translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages]
- The Phoenissae a
modern actable translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages]
- Rhesus
- The Suppliants
- Trojan Women translated by C. A. E. Luschnig
[At Diotima]
- Women of Troy [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE)
The greatest comic playwrights, he wrote in the rough style later known as
"old comedy". He wrote 54(?) comedies, but only 11 survived.
See 2ND Old Comedy Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- WEB MIT Classics Archive: Aristophanes
- The Acharnians 425 BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Acharnians [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- The Birds 414 BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
Birds [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- The Clouds 423 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
Pokes fun at Socrates.
See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- Clouds [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- The Ecclesiazusae (Women in Politics) [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Frogs 405 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Frogs [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- The Knights 424BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Knights [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Lysistrata 411 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
About a sex strike.
See 2ND Study Guide [Was At Brooklyn College, now Internet Archive]
- Lysistrata [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Peace 421 BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Peace [At Johnston Texts] [Internet Archive version here]
- Plutus 382 BCE (his last
play) [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Thesmophorizusae 411BCE [Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- The Wasps 422 BCE
[Was At Eserver, now Internet Archive]
- Menander (342/1-293/89 BCE)
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Art
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Music
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Education
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Economic Life
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Slavery
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Greek Law
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Everyday Life
- Accounts of the Hellenic Games, c. 470 BCE-175 CE [At this
Site]
From Pindar: Olympian Odes, c. 470 BCE, Thucydides: The History of the
Peloponnesian War, c. 404 BCE, Xenophon: Hellenica, c. 370 BCE, Strabo: Geographia,
c. 20 CE, Pausanias: Description of Greece, c. 175 CE
- WEB The Ancient Greek World [U Penn Museum]
Concentrates on daily life. Multipe images.
-
WEB Greek Costume Through the Centuries [Now Internet Archive]
- Wikipedia: Clothing in Ancient Greece
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Gender and Sexuality
- Women:
-
WEB Diotima
A resource for information on women, gender, sex, sexualities, race, ethnicity, class, status, masculinity, enslavement, disability, and the intersections among them in the ancient Mediterranean world. [Had had intermittant availability so here we will retain links to the older version at Internet Archive.]
- NB: "Old" Diotima still available [Internet Archive version]
- WEB Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: Sourcebook in Translation (selections)
by Mary Lefkowitz and Maureen Fant [At Diotima]
- NB: "Old" version Women’s Life in Greece and Rome: Sourcebook in Translation [Was at Old Diotima, now Internet Archive]
-
The Lot of the Hellenic Woman, c. 700-300 BCE [At this
Site]
Collection of comments by Greek male writers.
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Artemisia at Salamis, 480
BCE [At this Site]
Artemesia was ruler of Halicarnassus, and took part in the Persian attack on Athens.
- Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE): Lysistrata, extracts, [Was At
EAWC, now Internet Archive]
- Aristotle (384-323 BCE): On a Good Wife, from Oikonomikos,
c. 330 BCE [At this Site]
- Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): On Men and Women,
from Oikonomikos, c. 370 BCE [At this Site]
- Aristotle: Spartan Women [At this Site]
- Homosexuality:
- 2ND Paul Halsall: Early Western Civilization under the Sign of Gender: Europe and the Mediterranean (4000BCE-1400CE), in Blackwell Companion to Gender History, edited by Teresa A Meade and Merry E Wiesner-Hanks, Cambridge: Blackwell, 2005, 285-306. [PDF]
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Modern Perspectives
on Ancient Greece
- The Subject of Classics
- Greece and Anthropology
- Slavery
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NOTES:
The Internet Ancient History Sourcebook is part of the Internet History Sourcebooks Project. The date of inception was
4/8/1998. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site
name or location]. WEB indicates a link to one of small
number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable
overview.
The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the History Department of Fordham University, New York. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in
providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.
© Site Concept and Design: Paul Halsall, created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 24 October 2024 [CV]
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